UNIT 24 Consequence sentence (câu hệ quả)

1.    Grammar

1.   Too … to (quá...đến nỗi)

     too + adj/adv + (for sb) to infinitive verb

• Examples:
• He is so weak. He can't run.

He is too weak to run. (anh ta quá yếu để chạy)

• The coffee was very hot. I couldn’t drink it.

The coffee was too hot for me to drink. (cà phê quá nóng để tôi uống)

2.         Enough (đủ)

-  adj/adv + enough (for sb) to infinitive (enough is a noun)

• Examples:
• He is strong enough to lift the box. (anh ta đủ khỏe để nhấc được cái hộp)
• I don't have enough money to buy a car. (tôi không có đủ tiền để mua một chiếc xe)

-  enough + noun (for sb.) to infinitive (enough is an adjective)

• Examples: He doesn't drive carefully enough to pass the driving test. (anh ta lái xe không đủ cẩn thận để vượt qua kì thi lái xe)
• Watch out!
• If there are „too, so, very, quite, extremely …” before adjective or adverb or “many, much, a lot of, lots of” before nouns, we have to delete these words (nếu có „too, so, very, quite,  bỏ những từ này).
  Examples:He is very intelligent. He can do it.
          He is very intelligent enough to do it (wrong).
          He is intelligent enough to do it (right). (anh ta đủ thông minh để làm nó)
•   If the subject of the first sentence and object of the second sentence are the same, we have to delete the object. (nếu chủ ngưc của câu văn đầu tiên và tân ngữ của câu văn thứ 2 giống nhau, ta phải xóa tân ngữ đi).

Examples: The water is quite warm. I can drink it.

           The water is warm enough for me to drink it. (wrong)
           The water is warm enough for me to drink. (right).

3. So … that (quá...để)

    so + adj / adv + that + clause

• Examples:

He is very strong. He can lift the box

He is so strong that he can lift the box. (anh quá khỏe đến nỗi anh ta có thể nhấc được cái hộp)

•  Watch out!
• delete “too, so, very, quite” before adj / adv (bỏ “too, so, very, quite” trước tính từ/trạng từ)
• change “a lot of, lots of” into “much, many” (đổi “a lot of, lots of” thành “much, many”)
• keep the clause after “that” (giữ nguyên mệnh đề sau “that”)

Examples:

1a. He ate a lot of food. He became ill.
1b. He ate so much food that he became ill. (anh ta ăn quá nhiều đến nỗi anh ta thấy khó chịu).
2a. He bought lots of books. He didn't know where to put them.
2b. He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them. (anh ta mua quá nhiều sách đến nỗi anh ta không biết để đâu).

4. Such….that

     such (a / an) + adj + noun + that + clause

• Examples:

He is a very lazy boy. No one likes him.
He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him. (anh ta là kẻ lười đến nỗi không ai thích anh ta)

• Watch out!
• Delete, too, so, very, quite” before adj / adv (bỏ “ too, so, very, quite” trước tính từ/trạng từ)
• Don’t use „a / an” for uncountable nouns (không dùng “a/an” cho danh từ không đếm được)

Examples:

The coffee is too hot. I can't drink it.
It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.
Her voice is very soft. Everyone likes her.

She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.

- change “much, many” before noun into “a lot of” (đổi “much, many” trước danh từ thành “a lot of”)

• Examples:

He bought many books. He didn't know where to put them.

He bought such a lot of books that he didn't know where to put them.

II. Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences (rewrite in two ways if possible)

Examples:

• The room is so dirty that it took us one hour to clean it.
• That is such a dirty room that it took us one hour to clean.

a. The woman is so poor that she needs everyone's help.
b. The man is so foolish that no one took any notice of him.
c. The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night.
d. The books are so interesting that we have read them many times.
e. The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it.
f. The food was so hot that it burned my tongue.
g. There is so much rain that we can't go out.
h. The boy is so fat that everybody calls him Stuffy.
i. The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more.
g. The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden.
k. There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
l. The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.