UNIT 23: Linking words (từ nối)

Topic 18: Entertaiment

I.Grammar

Linking words are used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences (từ nối dùng để nối các từ, cụm từ, mệnh đề hoặc các câu văn)

1. Contrast or conflict linking words between two ideas (từ nối thể hiện sự đối lập, mâu thuẫn giữa hai ý kiến)

a) But (nhưng), although/though/even though (mặc dù), however/nevertheless (tuy nhiên).

• Examples:
• The concert was crowded but we found a seat.
• Although/although the film was crowded, we found a seat.
• The opera was crowed. However/nevertheless, we found a seat.
•  Watch out!
• “however” is a little formal (“however” trang trọng hơn một chút)
• “even though” is stronger than “though”
• “though” can be at the end of a sentence (“though” có thể đứng cuối câu): I liked the exhibition. I decided not to go, though.

b)  “in spite of” and “despite” (mặc dù)

Use before a noun or before the ing-form of a verb

• Examples:
• I want to see the famous guitarist in spite of the expensive ticket.
• The director went on working in spite of feeling unwell.
• The drummer wants to play despite feeling unwell.

c)  Whereas (trong khi đó), while (trong khi), on the one hand-on the other hand (mặt này-mặt khác), besides (bên cạnh đó), on the contrary (ngược lại)

• Examples:
• Some people in the audience like that pianist whereas others hate her.
• The actor performed very well while the actress performed very badly.
• “We thought you didn't like opera.” – “On the contrary, I love it.”  
• On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but on the other hand, they don’t want to give up their freedom.

d) Exercises: Complete these sentences using “but, in spite of/despite, though/although whereas, on the other hand”

a. I dropped the dish ...it didn’t break.

b. My sister got the job... she didn’t expect to.

c. Daniel forgot his passport....having it on his list.

d. ...I told the truth, no one believed in me.

e. The house looks old... it’s really quite modern. 

f. We recognized her at once … we had not seen her for years.

g. I always spend money when I have it. ...my brother is very careful.

h. I managed to study ...all the noise.

i. People are very friendly in the North... in London no one speaks to you.

2.  Co-ordinate linking words between two ideas (từ nối thể hiện sự tương hỗ giữa 2 ý kiến):and, as well as (cũng, và, đồng thời...), both A … and B (cả A...lẫn B, vừa A...vừa B), not only … but also (không chỉ, mà còn), furthermore/moreover (hơn nữa)…

• Examples:
• I like the musician as well as/and the singer. (tôi thích  người nhạc sĩ và cả ca sĩ).
• I like not only the musician but also the singer. (tôi thích không chỉ người nhạc sĩ mà cả ca sĩ).
• I like both the musician and the singer. (tôi thích cả nhạc sĩ và ca sĩ).
• I like the musician, Furthermore/Moreover; I like the singer (tôi thích người nhạc sĩ. Hơn nữa, tôi thích cả ca sĩ)
• Making a choice (lựa chọn) “Or, either A … or B (hoặc A hoặc B), otherwise (nếu không thì), neither A… nor B (khôg A cũng không B)”
• Examples:
• What he said was neither kind nor true. (những gì mà anh ta nói không đúng cũng không tốt)
• You must work harder or go into another class (em phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn, hoặc là em chuyển lớp đi)
• You must work harder. Otherwise, you must go into another class. (em phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn. Nếu không thì em chuyển lớp đi)
• Either he or she has to do it (hoặc anh ta hoặc cô ta phài làm nó)

4.  Consequence (kết quả): “so/therefore/hence (vì vậy), consequently (kết quả)…

The rain began to fall, so/therefore we went home. (trời bắt đầu mưa, vì vậy chúng tôi về nhà)

•  Watch out!

    “Hence” is very formal and used in written English.

5. Exercise: Fill in the blank with “and, or, but also, but”

a. I have both respects … admiration for them.

b. She was not in the back yard … was she upstairs.
c. It will rain either today … tomorrow.
d. He could not decide to tell … keep silent.
e. It was not only a beautiful day … the first day of spring.
f. Do you know his address … telephone number?

g. I invited him … his friends.

h. The crowd was both large … enthusiastic.

i. I read the book … did not understand it.
j. I do not know whether he has seen the movie before … not.
l. She could find the book neither at the library … at the bookstore.

6.         To say purpose, the reason why we do thing(nói đến mục đích, lí do tại sao chúng ta làm gì): to/in order to/so as to/so that/for (để)

-           To-infinitive

    Mary was hurrying to/in order to/so as to catch her bus.

-           After “so that” we use a clause

    I will give you the map so that you can find the right way.

-           For: use with a noun or ing-form

The heater is to keep/for keeping warm in the winter.

The whole family has gone out for a bike trip.

• Watch out!

Use the negative “in order not to, so as not to”, don’t use “not to” (dùng dạng phủ định “in order not to, so as not to” nhưng không dùng “not to”)

Mary was hurrying in order not to/so as not to miss the bus.

7.         Exercises: Rewrite these following sentences using the word in brackets.

a. I’m learning English. I want to get a better job. (to)

b. I’m going to be very careful. Then I won’t have an accident.(so that)

c. I’m going on diet. I want to lose wait. (in order to)

d. I had to go to Berlin. I had a business meeting. (for)

e. I keep a dog. It guards the house. (to)

II. TOPIC 18:  Entertainments

Yesterday we went to watch a musical film in a cinema. Though it was very crowded, we found a good seat. The film talked about the love between two students. Both the boy and the girl were joining a music contest for 2 weeks. At first they hated each other a lot. Nevertheless they had to work together for the contest. But then they started falling in love more and more while they took part in the competition. However, at the end the girl won the contest and had the chance to become a famous pop star in Europe as well as in the USA, like she always wanted to. Consequently she had to leave the boy, even though she loved him so much, otherwise she could not make her dream come true. The boy was very sad when saying goodbye to her, it was raining heavily. He turned around to walk away and tears were dropping on his T-Shirt just like the rain did. The girl watched him disappear and felt her heart was breaking. Was she right to say goodbye and follow her dream? On the one hand she really wanted to become a famous singer on the other hand she never felt this way about someone before. Furthermore she realized that without him everything was senseless. Suddenly the girl ran after him and shouted his name. He turned around and she fell into his arms. She told him that she was wrong and she wanted to stay at his side forever.

Both the actor and the actress played their parts so well. In the film, there were also many beautiful songs. The guitarist, the drummer, and the singers performed so excellently that the audience couldn’t stop applauding for several minutes for the songs in the film. The author of this film is very famous. He received many prizes in his great career.

In spite of being so young, the actor is very famous with many unforgettable plays. However, this is his last film because he wants to stop to focus on studying to become a producer. We really hope that he will become a famous producer, as was the producer of this film.

The actress is a pretty girl. She is also a ballet artist. I knew her before her film career, when she performed ballet in a ballet house 2 years ago. this was the second time I saw her. Now she is a famous actress with many successful films.

Questions:

1.What kind of film is the film we saw?

2.Where did the boy and the girl meet?

3.What were their feelings for each other in the beginning?

4.Who won the contest?

5.What did this mean for their relationship?

6.How was the weather like when they said goodbye?

7.What is the end?

8.Who got many prizes?

9.What does the actor do besides his film career?

10.What did the actress do before her film career?