UNIT 15: Comparison (so sánh)

Topic 12: Clothes

I.          Grammar

1.List of comparison words

-as: A is as good as B. (A tốt như B).

-like: A is not like B. (A không giống B).

-similar: A is similar to B. (A tương tự như B)

-the same: A is not the same as B. (A không giống như B).

-more / less: A is more / less than B. (A nhiều hơn/ít hơn B).

2. Comparison of adjectives (so sánh của tính từ)

a)  Form: A-to be-as-adjective-as-B

•  Example:
• Positive: This shirt is as cheap as that one.
• Negative: This shirt is not as cheap as that one
• Question: Is this T-shirt as cheap as that one?

b) Comparison with -er (comparative) and -est (superlative):clean, cleaner, cleanest

• 1-syllable adjectives (tính từ một âm tiết): new, clear...: this hat is newer than that one.
• 2-syllable adjectives with -y ending (tính từ hai âm tiết với đuôi -y): easy...: this exercise is easier than that one.
• 2-syllable adjectives with -er ending (tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc với đuôi –er): clever: He is cleverer than his brother.
•  Watch out!
• for the superlative, put „the” before the adjective (với so sánh hơn nhất, thêm “the” vào trước tính từ): the fastest, the happiest
• adjective ends in –e, delete –e, add –er (với những tính từ kết thúc bằng –e, bỏ -e trước khi thêm –er) : large-larger-largest
• consonant after vowel at the end, double the consonant (khi phụ âm đứng sau nguyên âm ở cuối câu, nhân đôi phụ âm): big-bigger-biggest
• -y becomes i (đổi -y thành –i): easy-easier-easiest

c)Comparison with „more” and „the most”:

• 2-syllable adjectives, except those with -y or -er ending: (tính từ hai âm tiết, ngoại trừ những từ kết thúc với –y hoặc -er): modern, quiet
•  all more than 2-syllable adjectives (tất cả các tính từ hai âm tiết): beautiful, interesting, expensive.
• Examples:
• Tom’s watch is more modern than my watch.
• This is the most expensive shirt in the shop.

d) Irregular comparison of adjectives (so sánh bất qui tắc)

• good-better-best
• bad/ill-worse-worst
• much/many-more-most
• far (distance and time)-further-furthest:

My furthest memory is when I was 3 years old.

• far (distance)-farther-farthest: Let’s go farther into the country.
• little-less-least
• little (objects/living things)-smaller-smallest
• late (time)-later-latest
• late (order)-later-last: I am the last one to buy the necklace in this shop today.
• near (position)-nearer-nearest: Can you give me the cap nearest the handbag?
• near (order)-next: Give her the next jacket to wear.
• old (person or object)-older-oldest: This umbrella is older than that umbrella.
• old (person)-elder-eldest: My grandfather is the eldest man of the village.

2. Comparison of adverbs

a.Form A-verb-as-adverb-as-B

• Examples:
• Positive:  I speak English as fluently as my sister.
• Negative: I don’t speak English as fluently as my sister.
• Question: Do you speak English as fluently as your sister?

b.         Comparison with -er (comparative) and -est (superlative):hard, harder, hardest

• 1-one syllable adverbs (trạng từ một âm tiết): late, later, latest
• Adverbs with same form as adjective (trạng từ cùng dạng với tính từ): friendly, friendlier, friendliest
  c.         Comparison with “more/most”

Adverbs ends in –ly (trạng từ kết thúc với –ly): happily, more happily, most happily

•  Watch out!

For the superlative, put „the” before the adjective (với so sánh hai âm tiết, thêm “the” trước tính từ): This is the most expensive watch.

d.         Irregular comparison

• Examples:
• well-better-best
• badly-worse-worst
• much-more-most

II. Exercises

1.         Fill in the comparison with “as ... as”

a. John is (tall)…Glen.

b. Janet’s face is (beautiful)…Jenifer’s.

c. We can run (fast)…they can.

d. Nick is (brave) … Kevin.

e. My mum is (not/strict) … your mum. 

f. This book is (not/interesting) …that book.

g. The violin is (not/low) … the cello.

h. This sock is (bad) … the other one.

i. Oliver is (optimistic) ... Peter.

j. Today it's (not/windy) … yesterday.

k. The tomato soup is (delicious) … the mushroom soup.

l. I (not/get/much/money) … you do

m. These trousers (not/look/good) … those one.

2.     Put the adjective into the correct form (comparative)

a. Sue’s jeans aren’t big enough. She wants a… one.

b. This house isn’t modern. I like a…house.

c. You’re not very tall. Your brother is…

d. Bill doesn’t work hard. I work...

e. My shorts aren’t very comfortable. Your shorts are…

f. Jill’s chain isn’t very good. My idea was…

g. These slippers are not very nice. The blue ones are…

h. My handbag isn’t heavy. Your handbag is…

i. I’m not very interested in these earrings. I’m… in those one.

3.       Put the adjective from the first sentences into the second sentence in its correct form (comparative or superlative).

a. Lucy is clever, but Carol is… than Lucy.

b. The test in geography is easy, but the test in biology is…

c. Florida is sunny. Do you know the… place in the USA?

d. Stan is a successful sportsman, but his sister is… than Stan.

e. My mother has a soft voice, but my teacher's voice is… than my mother's.

f. Amy has a beautiful baby, but my daughter has the… baby on earth.

g. I live in a large family, but my grandfather lives in a… family.

h. We have only little time for this exercise, but in the exam we'll have even… time.

i. Do you visit that old castle? It is the… castle in this place.

4.  Fill in the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in brackets.

a. I speak English (fluent) … now than last year.

b. She greets me (polite) … of all.

c. She smiles (happy) … than before.

d. This girl dances (graceful) … of all.

e. Can you write (clear)…?

f. Planes can fly (high)… than birds.

g. Now, he drives (careful) … than before.

h. Jim can run (fast) … than John.

i. Our team plays (bad) … of all.

j. He works (hard) … than ever before.

5. Choose the correct answer

1. It's better … I think.

    a. as, b. then, c. than, d. like

2. Brazil is … England.

    a. bigger than, b. biger as, c. biger than, d. bigger as

3. She is … in the class

    a. the best, b. best, c. better than, d. as good as

4. I'm not as successful … she is.

    a. as, b. like, c. than, d. then

5. This restaurant is … expensive than that one.

    a. more, b. the more, c. most, d. the most

6. I'd like some … information.

    a. farther, b. further, c. furthest, d. farthest

7. It’s … art collection in Europe.

    a. finer, b. finest, c. the finer, d. the finest

8. It is … than I am expecting.

    a. cheaper, b. cheapest, c. either could be used here.

9. This is the … kitchen I've ever seen.

    a. dirtyest, b. dirtiest, c. either could be used here.

10. Which one is … of these two?

  a. more difficult, b. most difficult, c. Either could be used here.

11. She finishes … than everyone else.

    a. more quickly, b. quicker, c. either could be used here.

12. The underground is … buses.

    a. more expensive, b. most expensive, c. the most expensive, d. more expensive than

13. The plane is … than the coach.

    a. more quickly, b. quicker, c. either could be used here.

14. It is … test I have ever done.

    a. the most hard, b. the hardest, c. either could be used here.

15. There are … people at the game than I expect.

    a. most, b. more, c. many

III. TOPIC 12: Clothes

1.  2 girls are talking in a clothing shop

Rose: Anna, do you like that pink pullover?

Anna: Hum, not really. I think the blue one is nicer. But maybe it is more expensive than the pink one.

Rose: Yes, I think so. Ah, how about the green one near the jackets? It looks good.

Anna: Yeah!

2.  Conversation between the 2 girls and the sale women

Salewomen: May I help you?

Anna: Yes, how much does that pullover costs?

Salewomen: You mean the pullover near the skirts. It's 40 Dollars.

Anna: No, I mean the green one near the jackets.

Salewomen: Ah, This one is cheaper. It is 35 Dollar.

Anna: May I try it on?

Salewomen: Yes, what size are you?

Anna: I don't know.

Salewomen: Ok, you may try size 10. The changing room is over there.

(Anna puts on the pullover. It's too small)

Anna: Do you have a bigger size for the green pullover and also for the blue pullover? I would like to try on both.

Salewomen: Yes, of course. Here you are.

Anna: Thank you

(Anna puts on both of the new pullovers. They fit)

Anna: Hey Rose, which one do you prefer? I like the green one but it is more expensive than the blue one.

Rose: No, I like the blue one more. In my opinion you look more beautiful in the blue one. And it matches with your earrings and you necklace.

Anna: Hum, really? So should I take the blue one?

Rose: Yes, it is more beautiful and cheaper.

Anna: Ok, I will take it