UNIT 10: Present simple

Topic 9: Hobbies and habits (sở thích và thói quen)

I.          Grammar

1.         Form: Subject+verb+object (S-V-O)

a)         To be: subject+to be+object

• I am
• He, she, it is
• You, we, they are
• Examples:
• Positive form: She is a student.
• Negative form: She isn’t a student.
• Yes/no question: Is she a student? -Yes she is./No she isn’t.
• Question words: Who is a student? -She is.
• Watch out!

 Isn’t= is not    

b)  Infinitive verb

• I, you, we, they (danh từ số nhiều): subject+verb+subject
• Examples:
• Positive form: They go to school.
• Negative form: They don’t go to school.
• Yes/no question: Do they go to school? -Yes they do./No they don’t.
• Question word: What do they do? -They go to school.
• He, she, it, (danh từ số ít): subject+verb (+-s/-es)+object
• Example:
• Positive form: She makes a quiz.
• Negative form: She doesn’t make a quiz.
• Yes/no question: Does she make a quiz? -Yes she does./No she doesn’t.
• Question word: What does she make? -A quiz.
• Watch out!

Don’t =do not; doesn’t=does not

c) Rules for "he, she, it"  (qui tắc cho “he, she it”)

• add “-s” after main verbs (thêm “-s” vào sau động từ chính): learns, eats, loves…
• Examples:  Peter likes his friends but he loves his family.
• add “-es” when the endings of the main verb is “-s, -x, -o, -sh, -ch” (thêm “-es” nếu đuôi của động từ chính là “-s, -x, -o, -ah, -ch”): wash, watch, kiss, go…
• Examples:
• He goes back home.
• She watches TV everyday.
• add “-s” when the main verb ends in “y” and a vowel stands before “y” (thêm “-s” nếu động từ chính kết thúc với “-y” và một nguyên âm trước “-y”)
• Examples: He plays games.
• change the “y” into “i” and add “-es” when the main verb ends in “y” and a consonant stands before “y” (đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “-es” nếu động từ chính kết thúc với “y” và có một phụ âm trước “y”)
• Examples: She studies English.

d)  Modal verbs: express an ability, permission, wish … to do something.

(thể hiện khả năng, sự cho phép, ước muốn … làm gì)

• Can: có thể
• Should: nên
• Will: sẽ
• May: có thể
• Must: phải
• Need: cần
• Example:
• Positive form: They can win this game.
• Negative form: They can’t win this game.
• Yes/no question: Can they win this game? -Yes, they can./No, they can’t.
• Question word: What can they win? -This game.
• don’t add “-s” after modal verb in the 3^rdperson singular (he, she, it). (không thêm “-s” sau động từ quyết thiếu sau ngôi thứ 3 số ít)

He can play football (don’t say “he can plays football”)

• Watch out!
• can’t=can not
• mustn’t=must not
• shouldn’t=should not…

2.    Usage

• One-time actions (once or never) (hành động chỉ xảy ra một lần: hoặc có, hoặc không)
• Examples:  I never play badminton.
• Repeated actions and actions set by a timetable / schedule (hành động được nhắc lại hoặc hành động được thiết lập bởi thời gian biểu hoặc kế hoạch)
• Examples:
• I play badminton every day.
• I play badminton on Tuesday at 4 pm.
• The bus arrives at 11.15 am.
• Actions following each other (hành động theo sau các hành động khác)

I go to school and then I go back home again.

• Facts or generalizations (sự thật hoặc những cái chung chung)
• Examples:
• Cats like mice.
• Everybody likes me.
• Watch out:  You can also use the present simple to say something that is not true. (bạn cũng có thể dùng hiện tại đơn để nói một số thứ không đúng sự thật)

New Yorkis a small city.

3.       Signal words (từ nhận biết)

• Usually, always, often: I don’t usually see her.
• Never: She never goes to school on Sunday.
• Sometimes, seldom: He sometimes goes to school late.
• Everyday, every month, every time…: I go to school every day.

Also often used with present simple for generalization and facts (cũng thường được dùng với thì hiện tại đơn để nói những thứ chung chung hoặc sự thật): everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere.

• Watch out!

Add -s/-es to verbs after everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one and nothing.

Examples:

• Everybody likes holidays.
• Nothing is good here.
• No one can find him.
• Everything makes us happy today.

II.        Exercises:

1.         Build a positive present simple sentence, then a negative and then form a question (viết một câu khẳng định ở thì hiện tại đơn, sau đó viết câu hỏi)

1. I / to live / in Hanoi.
2. Peter / to do / his homework.
3. We / to be / students.
4. Linda and Tim / to learn / for an exam together.
5. She / to sing / a song.

2.         Put the verbs in the correct form of present simple

(chia động từ theo dạng đúng của thì hiện tại đơn)

1. Nick’s father (work) in London.
2. His pig (to be) very fat.
3. Every morning he (get up) at six o’clock.
4. He (wash) his face.
5. He (eat) breakfast at 6.30 am.
6. He (drink) water.
7. He (put on) his clothes.
8. Then he (run) to the bus station.
9. He always (take) his umbrella.
10. He (buy) a newspaper and (read) it on the train.
11. In the evening he (come) back home at five o’clock.
12. Jane (not drink) tea very often.
13. Peter (go) to university.
14. What time (the school / stop) in England.
15. “Where (Martin / come) from?” “He’s English.”
16. “What (you/do)?” “I’m a student.”
17. Ann (speak) Chinese very well.
18. I (take) my school books.
19. She (play) football but she (not/play) in my team.
20. I (not understand) this sentence. What (it / mean)?

3)         Put “What, Where, Why, When, How” into the gaps.

1. … do you like best?
2. … does Bill get up in the morning?
3. … don’t you go with us, Max?
4. … hobbies does Andrew have?
5. … do they go every week?
6. … old is Mike?
7. … is Susan’s birthday?
8. … are my exercise books?
9. … do the Robinsons live?
10. … languages can you speak?

III. TOPIC 9:  Hobbies and sports

1.         Free time (thời gian rảnh rỗi)

Mark: What do you like to do in your free time? (bạn thích làm gì trong thời gian rảnh?)

Tim: I like to play football. And you?

Mark: I like to watch movies.

Exercise: a)       What do you like to do in your free time? Write it down.

          b)           Ask 3 people what they like to do in their free time.

2. How often..? (mức độ thường xuyên)

a) Question: “How often do you …?”

Tim: How often do you play football? (bạn thường chơi bóng thường xuyên thế nào?)

Mark: I play football three times a week. How often do you watch movies?

Tim: I sometimes watch a movie.

b)         Answers:

• Sometimes, never, every day...
• Once a week (1 lần 1 tuần)
• Twice a month (2 lần 1 tháng)
• Three times per week (3 lần 1 tuần)

If you do something more than 2 times, use “times” (nếu bạn làm thứ gì từ 2 lần trở lên thì dùng từ "times" nghĩa là "lần")

c)         How often do you do your hobbies?

How often do your partners do their hobbies?

3.         Exercises:

a)         Make questions with "How often" and answer the questions.

• Example:
• You/ play football? Once/week.
• How often do you play football? - Once a week.

Exercise:

1. You/ read magazines? - Twice/ week.
2. She/ go fishing? - Once/ week.
3. Ann and Susan/ play tennis? - Three times/ month.
4. You and your sister/ listen to music? - /day.
5.  Jimmy/ drink beer? - Sometimes.
6. You/ go surfing? - Twice/ year.
7. They/ play badminton with us? - Once/ month.
8. You/ brush / your teeth? - Twice/ day.

b)         Read the following story, and answer the questions.

Cherry’s hobbies

Cherry has many hobbies. She usually gets up early so she can run before work. She doesn't often have time to ski, but she occasionally goes on Saturdays in winter. Cherry often writes poetry. She sometimes does it after school, but she usually writes poems on Sundays. She loves music. She always goes to practice in a choir on Wednesday evenings and sings in a church on Sundays. She doesn't have much money, so she rarely goes in the city. She seldom watches TV because she likes doing things outside. She visits her friends very often. She is rarely alone because she has many friends. She sometimes does something alone, but she usually does her activities with one of her friends. She's a happy girl!

Questions:

1. Why does she usually get up early?

a) She gets up early to run before work.

b. She gets up early to go to work.

c. She gets up early to have breakfast.

2. How often does she ski?

a. She often skis.

b. She occasionally skis in winter.

c. She rarely skis in winter.

3. How often does she write poetry?

a. She writes poetry every day.

b. She often writes poetry.

c. She never writes poetry.

4. When does she usually write poems?

a. She usually writes poems after work.

b. She usually writes poems on Saturdays.

c. She usually writes poems on Sundays.

5) How often does she sing in a church?

a. She sings in a church 5 times per week.

b. She never sings in a church.

c. She sings in a church once a week.

6) How often does she go in the city?

a. She rarely goes to city.

b. She goes to the city every day.

c. She goes to the city twice a week.

7. How often does she do something alone?

a. She always does everything alone.

b. She sometimes does something alone.

c.She occasionally does something alone.