UNIT 26: Present perfect (hiện tại hoàn thành)

Topic 19: Nature

I.    Grammar

1.  Form: Subject + have / has + past participle of the verb

a)  I, you, we, they (plural nouns): have

•  Example:
• Positive: They have visited this bay for 3 times.
• Negative: They haven’t visited this bay.
• Yes/no question: Have they visited this bay for 3 times? -Yes, they have./No, they haven’t.
• Question word: How many times have they visited this bay? -3 times.

b)  He, she, it, singular nouns: has

• Example:
• Positive: He has visited this bay for 3 times.
• Negative: He hasn’t visited this bay.
• Yes/no question: Has he visited this bay for 3 times? -Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
• Question word: How many times has he visited this bay? -3 times.

c)  For irregular verbs, use the verb participle-3rd column of irregular table.(với động từ bất qui tắc, dùng động từ quá khứ ở cột 3 bảng đông từ bất qui tắc): take-taken, teach-taught...

For regular verbs, add–ed(với động từ có qui tắc, thêm –ed): play - played, cook - cooked...

2.  Usage

a)  To talk about experience (nói về những trải nghiệm)

• Examples:
• He has lived near a beach.
• Have you been in many mountains?

b)  To talk about a change or new information (nói về sự thay đổi hoặc thông tin mới)

-  Last week I didn’t have a car. But now I have a new car. So I say “I have bought a car”

-  Mary: The price was 1.50 Dollars yesterday. But the price is 1.70 Dollars today

    Peter: Has the price gone up?

- Yesterday the criminal was free. Now he is in prison. We say “the police have arrested the criminal”

c)  To talk about continuing situations (nói về tình huống đang tiếp diễn)

The situation started in the past, continues up to now, will probably continue into the future. (tình huống bắt đầu trong quá khứ, tiếp tục ở hiện tại, có thể sẽ kéo dài đến tương lai)

• Examples:
• I have worked here since June.
• He has been ill for 2 days.
• How long have you known Tara?

d)  In “since” clauses (trong mệnh đề “since”)

• Examples:
• I haven’t seen him since I was 10 years old.
• This city has not changed much since I left 5 years ago.

3. Signal words

a)  “For” and “since”

• "for" to talk about a period of time (“for” để nói về quãng thời gian): 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
• "since" to talk about a point in past time (“since” để nói về điểm thời gian): 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.
• Examples:
• I have worked here for 20 years
• I have worked here since 1990

b)  Other signal words     

• Just, recently, lately
• Ever, never
• Already / yet
• So far, until now, up to now, up to the present.

II.        Exercise

1.  Put the verbs into the correct form of present perfect simple.

a. I (not / work) today.

b. We (buy) a new lamp.

c. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.

d. Where (be / you)?

e. He (write) five letters.

f. She (not / see) him for a long time.

g. (Be / you) at school?

h. School (not / start) yet.

i. (Speak / he) to his boss?

j. No, he (have / not) the time yet.

2.  Write questions in present perfect simple.

a. you / answer / the question

b. Jenny / lock / the door

c. Walter / call / us

d. you / see / the picture

e. your parents / get / the letter

f. it / rain / a lot

g. how often / we / sing / the song

h. Maureen / watch / the film

i. how many books / Bob / read

j. ever / you / be / to London

3.  Fill in the blank with „for” or „since”.

a. I have been here … 20 minutes.

b. I have been here … 9 o'clock.

c. John hasn't called … 6 months.

d. John hasn't called … February.

e. He has worked in New York … a long time.

f. He has worked in New York … he left school

4.  Put the correct form of the present perfect

Jack (be) my friend for over 20 years. We (know) each other since we were children. Recently, he and his family (move) to a house on the same street as me, and now our children play together almost every day.
For the last ten years, Jack and I (play) for the same football team every Saturday. Jack is a better player than I am, but in the last few months he (have) some trouble with his left knee and he (find) it hard to play a full game. He (see) the doctor several times about his knee, but the doctor doesn't know what is causing his pain. Jack (decide) to take a break from football for a while, so that his knee can recover.

II. TOPIC 19:  Nature

I live in a big city, so I haven’t been in a village where I could see the sunset or  enjoy the moonlight, or the clean air, until yesterday. Because yesterday morning, I had the chance to do this. I had travelled to a village far from my house with my friends. It was around 9am when we got near the village, we passed a big river, the biggest river I have ever seen. The water was so clean and blue that we could even see the clouds and the sun on it like in a mirror. Next to the river, we saw a lot of rice paddies. This was the first time I have enjoyed such a beautiful sight. After the rice fields, we saw many continuous mountains. There were many bushes, grasses and flowers on the mountains. We liked it a lot because all of us have only known big buildings before, big streets with many cars and motorbikes. We haven’t had the chance to enjoy nature because there is no stream, no sea, no pond only little trees and a lot of smoke, dust and noise in our city.

In the afternoon, we’ve visited a forest; it was a big forest with many kinds of trees and flowers. There were also many wild trees we hadn't seen before. We were very eager to take pictures near the palms, near the stream and bushes... after two hours walking we were so tired. We sat down and took a rest under the shadow of a big tree with leaves as big as our hands.

Tomorrow, we will visit a beach. I have been there once before and I really loved it. There is a lot of sand there, so you can build many beautiful sandy houses. I still remember the feeling when I went on the boat to visit the bay, I could feel the waves under the boat, I could feel the taste of the wind and see the sun light there. Tomorrow we will be there. I’m looking forward to it so much.

Questions:

1. Where have they been?
2. Before getting to the village, what did they see?
3. What is next to the river?
4. Have they had chances to visit many beautiful places?
5. Where did they go in the afternoon?
6. Where will they go on the next day?