UNIT 14: Adverbs (trạng từ)

I. Grammar

1. Adjectives describe subjects. Adverbs describe verbs

(tính từ miêu tả chủ ngữ. Trạng từ miêu tả động từ)

• Examples:
• He goes slowly. (How does he go? -Slowly.)
• We do this easily. (How do we do it? -Easily.)

2.         Form: adjective + -ly

•  Examples: slow-slowly; beautiful-beautifully
•   Delete -e and add –ly (bỏ –e thêm –ly): true, due… (true-truly)
•   -y becomes -i, add –ly (đổi –y thành –i, thêm –ly): happy, lucky … (happy-happily)
• Delete -le after consonant, add -ly (bỏ –le sau phụ âm, thêm –ly): sensible, possible … (sensible-sensibly)
•   Add -y after –ll (thêm –y sau –ll): full, tall… (full-fully)
• Adjective ends in -ic: adjective + ally (tính từ tận cùng bằng –ic: tính từ + ally): fantastic, economic … (fantastic-fantastically)
• Adjective already ends in –ly: put "in a … way" or "in a … manner" (tính từ đã kết thúc với –ly, đặt tính từ đó vào trong mẫu câu “in a... way” hoặc “in a ... manner”)
•   Friendly-in a friendly way/in a friendly manner
• Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form (một số tình từ và trạng từ có cùng dạng): close, daily, early, enough, far, fair, fast, free, hard, high, hourly, late, little, lively, long, lovely, low, monthly, much, right, straight, weekly, wide, wrong, yearly.

3.          Exceptional adverbs with different meanings (những ngoại lệ của trạng từ với nghĩa khác nhau)

• Adjective-special case 

-Good-well

-Public-publicly

-Deep-deep (place)-deeply (feeling): The deep sea, we dig the hole deep, I regret this deeply.

-Direct-direct-directly (soon): I go the direct way, I talk direct with him, After school I will come back home directly.

-Hard-hard-hardly (seldom): A hard stone, She works very hard, I hardly believe in you.

-High-high (place)-highly: A high mountain, He climbs the mountain very high, She doesn’t think highly of her boss.

-Late-late-lately (recently): A late movie, I went to school late yesterday, Lately I learned about present continuous.

-Most, most, mostly (usually): The most important thing, I love my mother most..., We mostly eat at 6 pm.

-Near, near, nearly (almost): In the near future, They stand near the bakery, Today is 10^th of May, we are nearly on the holiday.

-Pretty, pretty (rather), prettily (beautifully): A pretty girl, She is pretty good at drawing, She smiles prettily.

-Short, short, shortly (soon): The short way, to cut sth. short, We will finish the lesson shortly.

II. Exercises

1.   Choose the right word

a. I open the door slow/slowly.

b. Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything.

c. Bill is a careful/carefully driver.

d. Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?

e. Can you please repeat that slowly/slow?

f. Come on, Dan! Why are you always so slowly/slow?

g. Please be quiet/quietly. I'm reading.

h. I don't want to work for them. They pay their workers very badly/bad.

i. Tom doesn’t do very good/well on his exam

l. Jane is studying hard/hardly for her exams.

j. “Where's Mary?” “She was here but she left sudden/suddenly.”

k. I don't remember them very well/good.

l. Don't eat your dinner so quick/quickly. It is not good for you.

m. He drives carefully/careful.

n. The party is very good/well.

2)         Adjective or adverb?

1a. My train arrives (late), as usual.
1b. I'm watching the (late) film.

2a. My brother loves (fast) cars.
2b. He drives too (fast).
3a. This exercise is very (hard).
3b. I hope you try (hard).
4a. They publish this newspaper (daily).
4b. This is a (daily) newspaper.

5a. She likes my (best) shirt.
5b. Computers work (best) if you kick them.

3.  Fill in the following adverbs.

    Carefully, clearly, nearly, easily, well, quickly, hard, deeply, pretty

a. Please listen to me ….

b. John! I need your help. Come …!

c. I don't know him very …

d. They work ..., so at the end of the day they're always tired.

e. Your exams are … good.

f. You're a better tennis player than me. When we play, you always win …

g. She... hates her boss.

h. You have to improve your reading. You don't speak very …

g.It is 100 metres from here. We are … there.